Most Airbus and Boeing aircraft already transmit ADS-B messages. However, they are currently not all compliant to the ADS-B mandates of Australia, Europe, USA and others. Both Airbus and Boeing offer retrofits and upgrades for ADS-B on their aircraft. I am not sure whether all current models are already covered, but they will be in time for the 2020 mandates.
There are three versions of 1090ES ADS-B (usually transmitted from the Mode-S transponder). The original version (version 0, RTCA DO-260 / EUROCAE ED-102) or higher is required for operations in Australia (with the usual exemptions).
Both the European and USA ADS-B mandate require the latest ADS-B version (version 2, RTCA 260B / EUROCAE ED-102A) from 2020 onwards (Europe on 7th of June 2020, USA 1 of January 2020).
The timeline in the graphic in underfire's post is outdated; the European forward fit date is 8th of June 2016 (next week) and the retrofit date is 7th of June 2020.
Apart from requirements on the ADS-B protocol version, the ADS-B mandates also put requirements on the source of the position data. The position source must provide accurate data of high integrity. Australia, Europe and the USA all have slightly different requirements in this respect, but they effectively all require GPS as position source. The American requirements are most stringent, effectively requiring a WAAS enabled GPS receiver.
In order to make an aircraft compliant to the European / American rules:
1) the transponder has to transmit ADS-B version 2 (this is typically a firmware update)
2) a compliant position source (GPS) needs to be connected to the transponder
3) the data from the GPS must arrive at the transponder within a prescribed time (rerouting through e.g. the ADIRU may no longer meet the requirements). This may involve installing new wiring.
There are currently aircraft that transmit ADS-B position which is derived from inertial measurements (INS). These installations do not meet any of the ADS-B mandates and need to be retrofitted with GPS or phased out / operate outside ADS-B mandatory airspace.
Most aircraft rolling of the production lines today are already compliant to the European / USA ADS-B mandates.
Last edited by ATCast; 1st Jun 2016 at 12:36.
Reason: spellling