Golden Rules of Flying
OPERATIONS GOLDEN RULES address aspects that are considered frequent causal factors on incidents and accidents.Although developed gor trainees, the Operations Golden Rules ate equally useful to experienced pilots.
They address the following but not limited to:-
* Inadequate situational/positional awareness;
*incorrect interraction with automation;
*overteliance on automation; and
*ineffective crew cross-check and mutual back-up.
Statistical data(source: Flight Safety Foundation-1998 to 1999) show that amongst the most frequent causal factors in Approach-and-Landing accidents as a % of events (might have contributed to FZ981 fate?) :-
*Inadequate decion making .....74%
*Ommission of Action or in appropriate
action .......72%
*Inadequate CRM ....63%
*INSUFFICIENT HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL S.A.........52%
*Inadequate or insufficient comprehension of prevailing conditions...48%
*Slow or delayed crew action(fatigue correlated).....45%
*Flight handling difficulties (fatigue,incapacitation,correlated)....45%
*Incorrect or incompetent pilot/ATC communication (Altimetry or other maneuvering non compliance)....33%
*Inappropriate interaction with automation........20%
The following 8 Golden Rules apply on normal conditions and,more importantly, in any unanticipated or abnormal/emergency flight condition.
1.Automated a/c can be flown like ANY other aircraft.(stick/rudder/throttle)..Power+Attitude...followed by Trim will yield a predictable performance.Basic Attitude Instrument Flying principles apply. So when things go crazy..disconnect automatics (including the FD) and simply...FLY!
RULE 2. FLY
NAVIGATE
COMMINICATE
MANAGE(Systems,Crew,Pax,ATC,OCC)
In a nut shell FLY snd NAVIGATE mean
Know WHERE you are
Know where you SHOULD BE
Know where the TERRAIN and obstacles are LOCATED.
COMMUNICATE mean attract appropriatecattention to ATC: Pan call? May day (many a time pilots hesitate this and then left too late! And we start questioning the need for CTV recorders to fill the gaps of knowledge)
MANAGE' The contonuation of the flight under the remaining aicraft and dystem support capabilities After performong the required Emergency/Abnormal procedures.
RULE 3. ONE HEAD UP AT ALL TIMES!
RULE4. CROSS CHECK FMS WITH RAW DATA
RULE 5. KNOW YOUR GUIDANCE AT ALL
TIMES (FCU/MCP, FMS
CDU,PFD/FMA,ND.
At all times PF snd PM should be AWARE of:
*Modes armed or engaged;
*Guidance targets sets;
*Aircraft response in germs of attitude,speed,trajectory;and,
*Mode transitions and Reversions.
RULE 6. (THE ...GOLDEN RULE) When
things dont go as expected,
TAKE OVER WITHOUT DELAY!
*FMS (MANAGED) guidance to
SELECTED guidance
*SELECTED guidance to HAND
FLYING!
RULE 7. USE THE CORRECT LEVEL OF
AUTOMATION FOR THE TASK IN
HAND.
It will depend upon the task to be performed:
*tactical (immediate/short term)
*strategic (longer term)
*Flight phase
*Time available
RULE 8. PRACTICE TASK SHARING AND
BACK-UP EACH OTHER.
When the accident report is ultimately disclosed I am convinced many of these aforementioned 8 Golden Rules are likely to surface. Let us hope we not only can learn from them but measures,facilities,training schemes will be instituted expeditiously world wide to mitigate against similar occurrences.
Last edited by Vc10Tail; 27th Apr 2016 at 20:17.