Prior to flying in Norway last summer, I was introduced to this excellent publication:
http://luftfartstilsynet.no/incoming...202015-Web.pdf
I note that it contains a lot of (1) & (2), and presents the concept of self reporting with insulation from some punishment, so touches in the realm of (4) a bit too.
As I'm sure many do, I find reading accident reports fascinating. I'm not well versed in the civil and criminal aspects of the aftermath (and hoping to prevent getting to know them by first hand experience!)