Depends on the fuel control unit, but generally no it won't. How can it? The typical Lycoming is a mass air flow device so it will advance the fuel flow with it roughly (they are not perfect for the nit pickers) and maintain the F/A ratio.
Typical TCM's the RPM controls fuel pressure which is delivery so it actually gets leaner.
What is a BIG problem is when you are ROP on say a Chieftan but not anywhere near rich enough, and you get away with it in the cruise but you push it full forward on the throttle, and forget the red knob
That has been done before
