I could refer to an incident that happened in my airline a couple of years ago to raise another scenario that could lead to a loss of control/CFIT. It did happen on a A319, but about the same thing may also happen on a Boeing.
A go-around was initiated at an altitude below the go-around target altitude, but not that much, and the thrust levers were not set to TOGA. Guess what happened when the AP was re-engaged, with the FD still in approach mode? The aircraft dived, still in IMC, to get back to the glideslope, and control was resumed only when they broke out of the clouds. As far as I remember, a disaster was avoided by a couple hundred feet.
Same thing would happen on a B737 if a go-around (or winshear escape maneuver) is conducted without pushing the TOGA switch (and the fact that the gear was still down at impact, see the videos showing the landing and taxi lights, makes me think that was a WS escape maneuver). And then, it is easy to get confused...
Just another wild guess, based on history...