I beg to differ @Groundloop and @Octas8 .
@Groundloop - by position I and I guess anybody who has delved even a little into the subject would think of ephemeris, which by definition is position of a satellite along its ecliptic and that is corroborated by the excerpt I posted from oxford ATPL. Though I concur the option could have been more specific stating ephemeris instead. But so could it be in the case of option B stating "satellite almanac" instead of just "almanac". So basically comes down to phrasing of the question if am not wrong.
@Octas8- I think you have just jumbled up the whole concept. In that, firstly Its not the satellites that transmit any equation. Equations are setup at the receiver. 4 such equations are setup which result in the final derived position of the receiver, which is not the almanac as you said.
secondly, you do not generate the pseudo ranges after setting up the equations, in fact its the other way round. 4 linear simultaneous equations each with 4 unknown quantities i.e. X,Y,Z coordinates and T (time) are solved by iteration to give the final 3D fix and accurate time reference.