The trouble with "the Truth" is that there are so many versions of it!
There is nothing wrong with outsourcing, if its done properly - but like all expensive choices, it's down to how much you want to pay and how well you want the job done. Never the less, you can't paint all airlines, or MROs, with the same Vanity Fair brush. But some can justify more of that paint than most others.
As for the "Just Culture" statements; Well I think we were all 'there' at some time in our careers and some countries (let alone companies) are far more advanced in their attitudes than others. Think yourself lucky that you can get to choose what is right...sadly, not everybody can!
Finally, "Bravo" to those in your story who decided their airworthiness morals were better than their boss's!