First and most important - if unsure of position and no hazardous traffic close, start to circle and keep your rough position.
After that look out of the window to find noticeable landmarks - compare them to your map and continue until you get an idea where you are. Be aware, this can take a while if untrained, but gets faster and faster the more often you try train train train and - use your brain, use your brain, use your brain!
Add a little spice of CFVR and if you are lucky to receive two VOR, get their radials for a cross bearing.
If you only get one VOR, but have clear view but are able to determine ground distances, use one VOR for a doubling the angle of the bow fix. Hint: if you have a shadow line or edge in cockpit, use it to go a straight line.