The old HS748 turboprop has gust locks as well with a similar sort of protection system preventing the throttles from being moved forward simultaneously beyond a certain amount to be used for taxiing(one throttle alone could be moved forward for an engine run).
Apparently there was a case where the lock engaged on the takeoff roll leading to a crash with at least one resulting change being that the pilot had to move the control column back and forth a bit during the takeoff roll to ensure that the elevator was still free. Lack of freedom meant an RTO.
Aside from properly following the checklist, it may not be a bad idea to do this kind of elevator check on any aircraft with gust locks just in case you happened to have some sort of failure as well. Might have alerted this crew to a problem early in the roll.
A higher risk scenario might be in a training scenario where you landed, put locks on, backtracked, takeoff again and forgot to remove the locks combined with these two examples of mechanical protection failure.