"A visual approach is an IFR manoeuvre in which part or all of the instrument approach procedure is flown with visual references."
This is correct. For an IFR aircraft cleared for a visual approach there is no authorization to fly any missed approach segment that is published for the advertised approach or other IFR approach associated with the landing runway. It is good operating practice and common SOP requirement to monitor any available electronic guidance that is available for the landing runway. This reduces incidents of runway misidentification and aids in unstablized approach avoidance. However, in the event of a go-around some modern FMS systems will sequence flight guidance to the MAP when TOGA is engaged and AutoPilot coupling has been accomplshed so caution is advised.
In the event of a go-around from a visual approach it is common to remain in the pattern for landing. In the event this is deemed undesirable by ATC or aircrew, the arrival aircraft maybe issued alternative missed approach instructions and return to the IFR environment for resequencing.
Acceptance of a visual approach clearance in no way affects an IFR aircraft's flight plan status.