There is no reason at all why the F-35 should be "especially adept" at tracking AIM-120Ds or other AAMs. The D model has GPS and a two-way datalink that can presumably "report back" its position, but that will work with any platform.
The idea mooted by KenV that the missile "may never have its terminal guidance switched on" is not supported by any known facts. This would require the fighter's radar to track every movement of the target, compute its location at intercept and transmit steering commands to the missile, which would then accurately navigate itself in 4D to arrive within lethal range of the target. I don't think AMRAAM has a CLOS mode.