Spot on, RAT 5. This decision is indeed a violation of ICAO Annex 13.
Just Culture and the terms of Annex 13 exist for a good reason, i.e. that they save people's lives by enhancing aviation safety and thus preventing disasters.
Anything that goes against Just Culture therefore threatens safety. Consequently, that Judge's decision not only is in breach of an International Convention which his State is a signatory to, it also jeopardises aviation safety.
He should be prosecuted under criminal law on the grounds of endangering other people's lives.