There are now four generally accepted signs of a stall that I teach on the jet and SEP:
Lack of roll control
Lack of pitch control
Buffeting
Inability to arrest descent rate
These generally apply to all conditions and should always result in the same action which is to reduce the angle of attack whichever way that might be, forward or backward.
As for what to do after, in the Jets it's return to desired flight path for which I would expect a certain level of SA. For the SEP side a climb is the norm but an awareness of the desired flight path could be taught.
I would always however ensure that the reason I teach a particular technique is to improve the student's competence rather than to satisfy an examiner. If I do my job properly the student will be competent and by that very virtue able to pass a check but I never teach for test.