new tomcat
All the routes you listed Emma are between two independent countries. None of your routes flies WITHIN one country. No one has shown me i.e LHR-MAN or FRA-MUC just for example. Again some are trying to muddy the waters by saying Europe is all one country which we all know it is not, they are saying and acting as one country.
You mentioned that only European airlines can fly within Europe and you didn't mention operating within one country. Domestic traffic is not worth even talking about in countries, such as Belgium and the Netherlands. With the open borders in amongst many European countries, some people will fly to a country which is not their final destination.
However, if you want an example of a domestic European fifth freedom route then look no further than the UK a few years ago when Qantas wet leased an aircraft to operate LHR-MAN-LHR. It was a ridiculous arrangement to protect a slot and the aircraft often flew nearly empty.