I do not think ppl trainees are being taught any of this. It does appear that experience is the teacher, and that individuals find out, generally the hard way, what it is really like to be caught in this stuff.
That is key.... A few too many times, I have been flying in deteriorating conditions, and then had an additional scare. I can recall asking myself a few times: "Is this what the person who had the fatal accident was doing moments before it happened? Is this scare what it feels like?".
A few of those, and you smarten up promptly, but dangerously, you have to be in the situation to get the scare. How do we keep pilots from getting into the situations, which scare them into learning?