I'm interested in whether or not the system is able to determine that the data entry, while within operational limits, is in error and if it can make such a determination what corrective action does it take?
The short answer to your question is NO.
The following Airbus document explains how the various Airbus types calculate GW and CG, and the effect of incorrect ZFW/CG entries:
Effect of ZFW/ZFWCG on Aircraft Operations