Don't worry about bleed - it's to do with printing things that go right up to the edge of the paper. The item is printed onto a larger piece of paper than the final product and then trimmed down to the final size. It's done in commercial printing but it will rarely be possible with domestic printers.
But the problem printing your page may actually be connected. Only a few printers can print up to the edges of a sheet of paper - the sheet has to be gripped to take it through the machine and printing in that area will lead usually result in smudging of ink or toner and very messy insides of the machine. Those that do full sheet print also tent to waste ink. So, the printer you are using will probably have a defined printable area, where the printer can lay down the image. It is possible that part of the image that you have sent in being printed outside the printable area. Without knowing more about the application that is being used to print the image it's hard to give any definitive advice but look for options like 'Scale to fit' or 'Centre on page' and try selecting these.
The fact that you have reduced the size of the image and it still doesn't print is puzzling - my suggestion above may not work but it's worth a try.