Quartz-1, what aircraft type were you on?
Generally any fraying fabric on blade or bulb seals is a non issue. Its purpose is to decrease friction and therefore wear between the seal and whatever its sealing against. Usually we will defer it till heavy check.
Not aware of any fabric backed tape used on the exterior of any airliner.
The missing access cover in the video is a item that can be CDL'd. The tape they used looks like it may be aluminum foil tape, not what is considered speed tape.