Yes to ER protection.
Accommodation changes on a weekly basis. Ain Khalid Gate is the residence of choice for new entrants (although I have heard rumours of QR moving out, then again I've heard rumours of a pay rise too!!!). Can be temporary or permanent depending on the mood on the day. If you ask for enough extensions you will eventually be allowed to stay. Size didn't suit us so we took the allowance (rumour is..........ah, forget it).
Don't know anything about payment for day off working as I have never done it.
Regards,
GBD