LJ
I don't know the answer. I have some ideas but not the time to go into detail here.
Squawking 7700
"And as an illustration of the lack of general aircraft knowledge and operation, I know of some of some Air Cadet instructors who insisted upon operating a privately owned aircraft with the carb heat hot all the time."
Might that have been a Chippy where, I believe, the carb heat was wired hot in RAF use.
I've seen operations at 4 flying clubs and one VGS and and whlle all of them had the odd dodgy character for general bad practices the clubs were far worse than the VGS. I'm not saying it was the norm in the clubs but the VGS world take safety far more seriously, on average, than the clubs I saw.
No offence intended to the many good, disciplined club pilots out there. Read the accident reports if you don't believe me.
BBK