A thought on training; but not related to any operator, crew, or individual.
I sense that some First Officers might not be sufficiently exposed to critical aspects during training, either due to insufficient instructor emphasis, or not really taking a keen interest in these aspects because of the belief that they will not be exposed to such situations in their current role.
The underlying theme is that critical and targeted refresher training is predominantly for Captains only – they are there to command and take control. Thus First Officers are only required to jump through the hoop - an operator’s perspective, or - this doesn’t concern me as a ‘less than fully engaged’ individual (lacking motivation).
If this is so, an accident investigation could interpreted this as poor or insufficient training, without the basic standard of training being found unacceptable. Also, a First Officer, if ‘in command’ at the time, might find an unexpected critical situation much more surprising (startle) than might be assumed, due to the lack embedded knowledge from training weakness / attitude.