PPRuNe Forums - View Single Post - The Wright brothers just glided in 1903. They flew in 1908.
Old 26th May 2014, 19:07
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simplex1
 
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Wing Warping as an effective method to steer a glider (plane) can not be considered the invention of the Wright brothers
Mouillard and Octave Chanute have a clear priority

There is the US patent No. 582,757 of 1897 by Mouillard and Octave Chanute (see: https://www.google.com/patents/US582757 ) which describes a glider equipped with flexible wing tips. The deformation level of the wings extremities is controlled by the pilot with the main goal to steer the plane to the right of left efficiently.

Excerpt from the US patent No. 582,757 by Mouillard and Octave Chanute (a professor the Wright brothers knew before they built their first gliders):

"In order to provide for the horizontal steering of the apparatus-that is, the guiding it to the right or left--I substitute for the ordinary rudder a novel and more effective arrangement. A portion (J) of the fabric at the rear of each wing is free from the frame at its outer edge and at the sides. It is stiffened with suitable blades or slats (N), of flexible material, and normally rests up against the netting. Cords (O) are attached to the rear edge of the portion (J') and pass forward to rings (P), where they unite and run to the handles (Q) near the inner ends of the wings. A pull upon one of these handles causes the portion (J') to curve downward (as shown in fig. 10), and thus catch the air, increasing the resistance upon that side of the apparatus and causing it to turn in that direction. Any other equivalent device for creating at will an additional resistance to the air on either side of the apparatus may be employed, and I do not limit myself to the one shown and described....

"The horizontal steering is effected by the downwardly movable rear portion (J') of the fabric in the manner already described. When both sides are pulled down together, they serve as an effective brake to cheek the speed."


As a note: The Wright brothers have a patent published on May 22, 1906 also for a glider not a powered plane (same as Mouillard). The brevet, amongst other things, claims Wing Warping (deforming the wing tips) as a method for effectively steering a glider.


L. P. Mouillard's glider with flexible wing tips.
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