Geographically and perhaps politically, mountainous Spain is the ideal country for VOIP, with large towns located in valleys and smaller settlements on mountain ridges and shoulders located all around. When Madrid finally conceded that telecommunications were a right rather than a privilege, it was realised that putting microwave links in was far cheaper than running cables through the mountains down to the valleys. Hence the small towns having a centralised telephone exchange with a large dish on top, pointed down at the nearest large town or city.
The firms that received contracts to do this have mutated into providers that now supply VOIP and microwave internet links to individual households. My ISP started off in a small way but has now been bought by Telefonica (probably* the world's most inefficient telecomms firm) however to date they still manage themselves and have not slipped into the slough of despondency in which most of Telefonica operates and one can still reach a local multi-lingual employee in Girona, 35 miles away, to chat over problems, unlike Telefonica which has outsourced all its call centres to South America and hired telephone engineers with incomprehensible accents to work in Spain from Columbia and Uruguay.
* The word "probably" slipped in there by accident. Please delete it.