DW thanks. I am sure that you appreciate accidents have many contributions, but focus on a single issue can distort understanding.
w.r.t. a ‘reticent F/O’ failing to intervene, this assumes that the F/O’s understanding was superior to that of the PF. This might have been so, yet equally whilst the understand was different it, was similarly confused and insufficient to act on. Both crew members were attempting to understand the situation, unfortunately one acted, perhaps further complicating the situation requiring more assessment … and the rest is history which is formed in hindsight.
Kefuddle, “Let’s forget the term CRM”
NOTECHS is a valuable assessment / rating tool, but does not address how such skills are acquired or maintained. A danger is that rating puts issues into boxes – good / not so, the latter is often addressed with more training, but what training, how do we teach awareness, decision making, etc.
Some views of human behaviour suggest replacing awareness and understanding with ‘sensemaking’; see ‘Perspectives on Sensemaking’. These are erudite views, but with some thought and practical interpretation key points might be established.
- sensemaking is about the process of achieving these kinds of outcomes, the strategies, and the barriers encountered.
- simply connecting the dots; no, it’s understand what constitutes a dot in a given situation – what is important and why.
- When people try to make sense of events, they begin with some perspective, viewpoint, or framework
- Sensemaking can involve elaborating the frame by adding details, and questioning the frame and doubting the explanations it provides
- Mental model vs mental simulation (thinking ahead)
- Training might be better aimed at increasing the range and richness of frames, particularly causal mental models, and skill at noticing anomalies.
- Training scenarios and decision support might be developed for all the sensemaking activities questioning a frame, evaluating a frame, comparing alternative frames, reframing a situation, and seeking anchors to generate a useful frame.
- Training would aim to provide a larger, richer repertoire of frames rather than to improve each aspect of sensemaking as if it were a separate skill.
Consideration and application of these points may help improve thinking basics, thus aiding the choice and application of the basic physical flying skills. Think before acting.
http://xstar.ihmc.us/research/projec...ensemaking.pdf
http://xstar.ihmc.us/research/projec...semaking.2.pdf