Seems to me we are splitting hairs when it comes to "laying up" vs. "printing."
Your bog-standard office laser
printer "lays up" a discontinuous
layer of pigmented plastic dust in the shape of letters (which are then heat-fused to bond the plastic particles to the paper and each other).
The letters are even slightly raised (3D) although it takes an electron microscope to see this. Run your memo through the printer a couple of dozen times (assuming you can get consistent paper repositioning to the nanometer) and the letters will build up into a 3D structure sensible to the finger and naked eye.
That's pretty much how all 3D printing works (although the materials and devices vary as much as, say, aircraft in 1914) - "run the memo through the printer a couple of dozen (or thousand) times" to build up a shape in the 3rd dimension.
Given that this printing technology dates to the Xerography process (1938), updated to computer control (in concept, 1968; in a commercial device, 1983) - it is pretty "traditional" by this point in history.
Given that one can now 3D-print with
common sheets of paper (by introducing a cutting laser to the mix as well as deposited material) - it doesn't seem like a big reach to replace the paper sheets with carbon-fiber sheets.
How Paper-based 3D Printing Works | BL 3Dimension Corp
Which may be similar to what markforged is doing.