Pavement.
A perfect example is the SYD-HTI route.
Qantas withdrew from the route, gifted to JQ.
For the QF passengers that don't want to fly JQ, a suitable alternative was VA.
Multiply this over a network wide basis & its no wonder QF is under pressure to maintain its Domestic market share.
The last four family holidays ive taken, QF don't fly to the destinations I wanted to travel to. So I've flown with alternative carriers rather than be forced to fly with JQ. Namely Virgin, Garuda, Singapore Airlines & Fiji Air.