I have been involved in an RAF technical investigation where - as a civilian witness - I felt as though it was me going through a court marshal!
It will inevitably vary from station to station and/or fleet to fleet and it will be best served by individuals not by the systems used, but as long as you have investigations and routines conducted in a rough-shod black-and-white manner your culture will remain negative despite any reporting culture you pretend to have. (works like this on the outside too, BTW)