It's not clear what distinction you are trying to make - those fuselage components that Airbus build from frames, stringers and skin, and then nail together to make a complete aircraft, are commonly referred to as barrels, just as Boeing's are termed.
The 787 fuselage 'barrel' sections are manufactured as a single piece - not separate pieces that are then bolted together. As noted this may complicate the repair of the Ethiopian 787 - since they can't just unbolt the damaged skin and bolt a new one in place - if the existing area can't be readily repaired they will need to replace the entire tail section 'barrel'.
At least in theory, the Boeing approach should be lighter, but as noted they pay for it in other areas....
I've not actually seen one, but the autoclaves where they bake those complete barrel sections must be massive
