So basically data connections then. These will eventually terminate at the pins on an IC inside the unit and if wired incorrectly will most likely 'confuse' the logic of the processor but unlikely to cause a short circuit to the battery pack.
Yes data but not brought out into airplane wiring I would think, these will be for the 'through the skin' programming/upgrade/testing of the ELT. I think the only wires that are connected will be the four wires which I suspect may well be a CAN interface running to the RDC(s)