Although I can't speak for the JAr syllabus, wheb I did the CAA ATPL met a few years back, I got through the climatology by deciding if the place concerned was a holiday destination at that time of year. ie "It's early afternoon in January in Cuba. Will the ITCZ cause it to be a) overcast; b) CAVOK; c) .........etc"
Have a rough idea of where is a good holiday destination for any particular time of year, and you'll have a good chance of knowing the Wx.