Lyman
I don’t like making comments that risk being seen as getting at somebody, but in this case I feel you have completely misunderstood the Harvard article you quote. My reading of the article is that it suggests it is very dangerous to outsource the design, development and manufacture of elements of a complex system before the interactions between the various elements are completely understood. Indeed it queries whether you cannot even write a decent outsourcing contract until all the interactions are understood.
All of which are very sensible comments so far as I am concerned.