All your points are answered on the other thread.
<<1) Why did NASA discount the incident at launch? >>
They did not by any means...
<<As in "normal flight" incidents, while the "primary" cause may have been an equipment failure, the reason for the eventual disaster may well lie in "human error".>>
May be true, but not along the lines of the baloney you wrote above...
In short, they considered it, were unable to do anything to inspect it, and if they found a problem, what do they do? There was no means of repairing any damage even had they discovered it.
We're not talking civil aviation safety standards here. There are plenty of "critical aspects" where a single point failure = death to all. The astronauts knew that better than anyone...
Maybe before starting this link, you should have read the other thread, particularly the recent post with a link to a site with an FAQ section that repeatedly and comprehensively answers your questions.
NoD