The road-transport industry had l long fight with the Eurocrats because Continental lorries were allowed a higher axle-loading than UK ones.....hence a spate of bridge-works, roadwidening, bend-straightening and sub-base replacements. IIRC, a 10% extra axle-loading = 30% extra road-wear.
I remember when that was all going on, it being stated that road wear is proportional to the fifth(!) power of axle-weight. A quick Google to check that I wasn't dreaming this reveals that the true picture is (of course!) more complex, but yes, it can be anywhere from the third power to the ninth(!!) power, depending upon the type of road surface...