I'm pretty sure the barrier (net) on a carrier is connected to the arrestor gear just like the cables themselves. The net would be ripped out of it's mounts by the energy of a fast jet at a nominal landing speed and weight. The Uk carriers will have no arrestor system to hook the barrier into.
The only option if an airfield is not in range for whatever reason is a blue water divert and thus the loss of the aircraft.
On the other side of the argument if an F-35B is running to low on fuel to make it back to mother in an emergency just about any ship might do, just ask a bloke called Soapy Watson!