No, but regardless of where they are situated, they are required to deliver you on the correct glide slope to a point 15 to 18 m above the threshold (some caveats apply, but that's the gist of it).
No they don't. clearly if you look at the RWY layout for a precision and NON precision approach you might have noticed that the TD point on the RWY with ILS or PAR will be co-located with imaginary GS intercept point with the RWY and PAPI or VASI will be located just abeam whereas on the RWY laid out for NON precision approach TD point or aiming point will be 1000 ft mark behind the THR. That's the background of 2 different distances. Conclusion: ILS or PAR equipped RWY will have it's aiming point located further into RWY thus reducing LDA. As mentioned by BKK it could be up to 1500 ft. In case of HNL 08L it's 12300-11066=1234 ft.
As for your questions: Definition of landing beyond the GS is given in Jeppesen section airport chart legend under number 6 there's also LAHSO definition. LDA is translated as actual landing distance used by airbus in other words it's the one used for certification. You can read advisory circular from FAA regarding this topic here
http://flightsafety.org/files/RERR/A...20Overruns.pdf
and regarding LAHSO here
Land and Hold Short Operations (LAHSO) in particular talking bout TCH. Good luck.
