And the abruptly increased temperature in the cockpit?
There are still some details that appear to be without explanation.
It is easy to overread or under read a CVR transcript. Human behavior psychologists believe that 10% of communication is the words themselves, 30% is the tone and the way the words are said, and up to 60% is nonverbal cues. I expect the exact words used account for > 10% when considering technical and procedural matters. On the other hand, we don't have a complete transcript (for understandable reasons) and so we may be missing some information which would help put things into context.
Why did the Captain not get a useful handover when he returned to the cockpit? Had things already degenerated that much. He got garbled bits if information plus lots of warnings and alarms plus a feeling that things were not right ( abnormal pitch attitude). It would have been perplexing to understand what had gone wrong in the brief interval since he had left the cockpit.