PEI,
For UK LSTs and LPCs we use Form LST/LPC MPA (SRG 1158).
Item 3.9.3.1 is a mandatory item for LSTs (and ATPL upgrades) and reads as follows: "Precision approach down to a decision height not less than 60m (200 ft)', manually without flight director".
The phrase 'raw data' does not appear, however, in the UK at least, I feel pretty sure that most people interpret the phrase as meaning no F/D.
So to answer the 1st question, no, there is no requirement to examine approaches without F/D except as above.
People with more in depth knowledge than me will have to answer your other questions, however it is true that some Operators' MELs have higher minima for some types of approaches if one or more F/Ds are unserviceable.