All of the above.
Who decides how much of the delay is the carrier and how much the pax? Old style carriers, post SABENA + SwissAir, getting frightened and using political muscle to try and change the game. Delays in ATC often are the result of lack of investment by politicians and now they want the tax payers to pay more for their tickets so that the airlines can recompense them???
What a fabulous, bureaucratic, paper generating, self-serving, nightmare.
A true political SABU (Self Adjusting B@lls UP, because the B@lls up automatically adjuts to make sure that it stays at maximum impact).