The real difference between Mil ops and Civil ops is the strict liability.
The Rules say:-
The Pilot in Command is responsible for xxxxxx (add in what ever you are talking about)
I have never seen "the first officer is responsible for xxxxx" in any of our rules.
So the first officer sees the big orange light on prior to V1 and screams "STOP". The pilot in command responds to the instruction, as we are conditioned from childhood to do, as well as being at a heightened state in a takeoff roll and poised to react. The aircraft slides off the end of the runway due to the big orange light being ANTI SKID INOP.
Who is responsible? The Captain is because the law says that the P in C is responsible! Yes the F/O made a dumb call but it is the P in C that carries the can!
Good training and respect between the seats will usually get a good outcome, but at the end of the day P in C is the one in Command!