Another issue with cars, as mentioned earlier, has to do with fuel injection. If the injector lines are run dry, it might take a significant amount of time before they're filled again with fuel. Not funny when you're in the left (or in the UK: right) lane with cars close behind you. Diesel is even worse in this respect. Don't know the details, but you might have to bleed the whole fuel system before you can get it going again.
Not to mention the fact that most cars only have one fuel tank. If it's dry, you're out of fuel period. Coasting to a stop in the inside lane of the motorway is a recipe for disaster on its own, regardless of the internal damage to the engine. So the advice on not running your tank dry in a car is sound for a number of reasons.
Anyway, I fly an aerobatics aircraft which doesn't have an inverted fuel/oil system. Under any zero or negative G load, the carbs simply flood, and the fuel pickup in the tank is sucking in air instead of fuel. Simply close the throttle (preferably in anticipation) and gently open it again when positive G is restored. The engine will pick up in two to three seconds.