When you install an application it is not just a question of the program executable file just sitting there and when you click it it runs, except in a few cases with very simple programs. What actually happens is the installation routine adds various files into the operating system and entries in the Registry so that the operating system knows how to run the program. What you are doing will never work.
You can access your data files e.g.. documents, music, etc. and they will open on another machine but using the appropriate progam already installed on that machine.
You say you will put the drive in a new laptop. That too will not work unless it is an identical laptop to the failed one. You can transfer your data files on to a new machine and reinstall your software but not just fit the old disk and expect everything to work.