A bit of algebra to use the numerous rules of thumb (2%/1000', 300'/NM...).
Some trig for crosswind calculations.
A bit of differential calculus to use in arguing density altitude and power/thrust output here.
Some discrete/combinatorial math for logic arguments at the bar...
The heavy math will be in all the ground school courses and tests, where you have to show you can do it by hand, on your own. Once you have a real job, the first one is the most often used.