Canadian Break.. Check your international law. Mineral rights extend out to 200 miles (or thereabouts, it depends on several factors). It's where the oil originates that matters as that is the country which will have granted exploration and production licenses.
I'm not even going to respond to your nonsense on the Hebrides and Shetlands.
Of course Scotland will take a share of the UK National Debt. Why wouldn't we? We're not in the business of threatening anybody - we want an amicable divorce without the rancour that the likes of Philip Hammond and George Osborne have tried to introduce in the last few days. Alex Salmond had said very clearly that Scotland would accept its 8.4% share of UK liabilites. By the same token we expect the 8.4% of the UK's assets that are rightly ours, including defence ones. All to be negotiated when the time comes.