"cleared straight in..." means do not do the procedure turn, although you still may ask to do it if you deem it necessary. When it is busy, atc will normally try to avoid clearing an aircraft for an approach that involves a procedure turn, unless terrain dictates. Follow the controllers instructions, normally a radar vector and instruction to join the localizer. For non radar, the controller will not expect you to do a proc turn if the routing is "no proc turn".
"cleared straight in..." has nothing to do with 10 miles, nor does it affect any requirement to report "established". Nor is it the terminology that dictates whether one does a staight in LANDING or a circling approach.
Hawk