Not up to date but the old system was pay as you earn until you have a permit C or earn more than X...
Federal tax plus cantonal tax plus village/city tax. Depending where you live the differential was around 20% depending on the latter.
We had to pay church tax but if your village didn't have a church of your denomination then you could get a refund.( won't tell you where a mate spent the refund!)
Paid roughly 1/3rd in deductions in comparison to 1/2 in the UK.