Backwards,
Currently, every serviceman will get the Basic State Pension (BSP) in addition to AFPS, assuming he/she has contributed sufficient (currently, 30 years) National Insurance Contributions (NIC).
Qualifying for a basic State Pension : Directgov - Pensions and retirement planning
Yes, your wife will also get an independent BSP if she has contributed enough, or spent years away from work raising a family. If she does not have sufficient years in the bank to get a full pension, she will get a pro rata one and/or she can make additional payments, although conditions do apply. Adding years doesn't just help with BSP, the payment of voluntary NICs also helps towards:
- Widowed parent's allowance
- Bereavement payment
- Bereavement allowance
No, it won't change if you live overseas within the EU.
It depends where you live. We have dual taxation agreements with most countries now. If you intend to live overseas, if that idea is etched in stone, you might consider products such as an offshore bond, which (currently), if started overseas and then bought back 20 years later, would allow return of capital and growth free of tax. In principle, you might not want to consider annuities right now. The rates are pants, they are inflexible and there are many far, far better options out there these days.
There are lots of options though - don't take any of that as advice, see someone suitably qualified who you are happy with and evolve a plan.