I have the same interpretation as Tarq. To build on what he/she presented;
A "missed approach" will be commenced at a specified altitude, under certain conditions, as described in the "approach plate". This is because the intent to enter the specified approach to land was missed.
The approach to land could be continued if conditions are suitable. From that point onward, a "missed approach" would perhaps not be what's happening if the landing was aborted until it was picked up again on the climbout.
A "go around" would be initiated if the pilot, or ATC, observed an unsafe condition (runway incursion), and the latter stage of the established approach (very likely visual at this point) was discontinued. This could happen at any altitude, but presumably lower than the published missed approach altitude. It could be either VFR or IFR. If IFR, the pilot should climb and join the published missed approach.
When the approach is essentially complete, a landing is conducted, in "landing configuration" (presume full flaps - but that's an argument for a different thread). If the "landing" is begun, and then discontinued (sudden change in conditions, or pilot really botched it), the pilot would undertake a balked landing, to a "go around" or "overshoot", which suggests that the aircraft is to be climbed away from the runway, cleaning up from landing configuration, with full power, and perhaps after contact with the runway.
If, after either touching down long and fast, or applying power but not flying away, the plane goes off the end of the runway earthbound, that's an "overrun" ( indicated by flying mud and sod, ruts, and holes in fences or hedges).