1. Range of NDB over sea is 3 sq.root of power in watt
power=10 KW=1000W
3 Sq.root 1000= 94.84 Nm (Close to 100 nm)
2. VOR beacon has a elevation angle in which the signal coverage is readily available and ICAO prescribes this to be a tangent of 50 degree.
Refer to ATPL oxford Radio Aids for the diagram which explains it more clearly.
Tan 50 =P/B
B=30000 ft=4.93 Nm
P=?
Put in the values and find P, which comes out to be 5.87 nm.
Now, double this as aircraft flies over the entire range( Diagram will explain you all) So, now this is about 11.75 nm.
Time=D/S i.e. 11.75/300= 0.03 Hr= 2.35 Mins
3. An airway has a 5nm boundary on either side, theta= 5/100 *60 (basic 1 in 60 rule) = 3 degree
On a 5 dot indicator, each dot is 2 degree,max defelction being 10degree, hence 1.5 dot
4.Same 1 in 60 rule applies here, theta=1 degree and R=200 nm S=? 1= s/200*60 = 3.33 NM
