To the best of my knowledge, there are no manuals out there on 'how to design an airport' - so reference materials are based on pretty pictures of existing airports.
Some useful guidelines here
http://www.faa.gov/documentLibrary/m...70_6b_chg1.pdf
http://www.faa.gov/documentLibrary/m...50_5300_13.pdf
Still gives plenty of scope for innovative ideas
See also ICAO Doc 9184
Individual countries may also have their own requirements