Major...
The preamble to the Chicago Convention made no reference to 'western' (or indeed, eastern, northern or southern) standards. Have you read the Convention?
Your inference that the Chicago Convention is a set of western standards seems about as far fetched as trying to imply that any trade agreement reached as a result of the Doha Round is an Arabic agreement.
If you want international air travel you comply with ICAO standards, or file your differences for approval.
Wrong!
A State doesn't file its differences for
approval. It files its differences with ICAO to
notify ICAO that it (the State):
...finds it impracticable to comply in all respects with any such international standard or procedure, or to bring its own regulations or practices into full accord with any international standard or procedure after amendment of the latter, or which deems it necessary to adopt regulations or practices differing in any particular respect from those established by an international standard [Article 38].